International Journal of Biomedicine. 2022;12(1):9-18.
DOI: 10.21103/Article12(1)_RA1
Originally published March 10, 2022
The treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains one of the complex problems of clinical practice. In the structure of UGIB, 30%-60% of cases are occupied by bleeding of ulcerative etiology. Success in treating patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding is possible only with the use of an integrated approach that includes endoscopic, medicinal, endovascular, and surgical hemostasis technologies. In contrast, endoscopic hemostasis (EH) is crucial in the treatment of such patients. The use of modern advances in endoscopy can significantly improve the treatment results of patients with UGIB, reducing the number of operations and mortality in this severely affected group of patients. Modern therapeutic endoscopy has a wide arsenal of tools that can reliably stop bleeding. They differ from each other in the nature of impact, effectiveness, availability, safety, and cost. This article presents an overview of the technological and clinical features of hemostasis, modern views on the choice and application of methods of EH for ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding.
1. Gaiani F, De'Angelis N, Kayali S, Manfredi M, Di Mario F, Leandro G, Ghiselli A, Fornaroli F, De'Angelis GL. Clinical approach to the patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Acta Biomed. 2018 Dec 17;89(8-S):12-19. doi: 10.23750/abm.v89i8-S.7861.
2. Jang JY. Recent Developments in the Endoscopic Treatment of Patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(5):417-420. doi:10.5946/ce.2016.135
3. Abougergi MS, Travis AC, Saltzman JR. The in-hospital mortality rate for upper GI hemorrhage has decreased over 2 decades in the United States: a nationwide analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(4):882-8.e1. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.027
4. Cherednikov EF, Maleev YuV, Chernyh AV, Litovkina TE, Bondarenko AA, Cherednikov EE, Popov AV. [Current views on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ruptured hemorrhagic syndrome (Mallory-Weiss syndrome)]. Journal of New Medical Technologies. 2016;23(4):161-172. [Article in Russian].
5. Cherednikov E F, Chernyh AV, Maleev YuV, Popov AV, Stekolnikov VV. [Topographical and anatomical prerequisites for the development of Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy.2015;(S2):153-154. [Article in Russian].
6. Laine L. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Peptic Ulcer. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(24):2367-2376. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1514257
7. Tielleman T, Bujanda D, Cryer B. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2015;25(3):415-428. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2015.02.010
8. Budnevsky AV, Cherednikov ЕF, Popov AV, Ovsyannikov ES, Kravchenko AY, Fursov KO. A complex multidisciplinary approach to prevention gastro-duodenal bleeding in patients of general hospital. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2017;7(3):204-207. doi: 10.21103/Article7(3)_OA8
9. Cherednikov ЕF, Budnevsky AV, Popov AV, Fursov KO. A new opinion on gastroduodenal bleeding preventon in patients with somatic pathology. The EPMA Journal. 2017; 8(S1):46.
10. Iwamoto J, Murakami M, Monma T, et al. Current states of prevention of drug-induced gastroduodenal ulcer in real clinical practice: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2020;66(2):158-162. doi:10.3164/jcbn.19-66
11. Chu SJ, Yoon KT, Kim JS. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2020;76(5):232-237. doi:10.4166/kjg.2020.139
12. Joo MK, Park CH, Kim JS, Park JM, Ahn JY, Lee BE, Lee JH, Yang HJ, Cho YK, Bang CS, Kim BJ, Jung HK, Kim BW, Lee YC; Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research. [Clinical Guidelines for Drug-induced Peptic Ulcer, 2020 Revised Edition]. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2020 Sep 25;76(3):108-133. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2020.76.3.108. [Article in Korean].
13.Mujtaba S, Chawla S, Massaad JF. Diagnosis and Management of Non-Variceal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Review of Current Guidelines and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2):402. Published 2020 Feb 2. doi:10.3390/jcm9020402
14. Troland D, Stanley A. Endotherapy of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2018;28(3):277-289. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2018.02.002
15. Barannikov SV, Cherednikov EF, Yuzefovich IS, Banin IN, Polubkova GV, Vysotskaya AT, Maleev YuV, Ovsyannikov ES, Chernykh AV. Modern Clinical and Epidemiological Features and New Technological Possibilities in the Treatment of Bleeding Gastroduodenal Ulcers. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(4):428-434. doi:10.21103/Article11(4)_OA6
16. Kurniawan N, Keuchel M. Flexible Gastro-intestinal Endoscopy - Clinical Challenges and Technical Achievements. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2017 Jan 18;15:168-179. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2017.01.004.
17. Adianov VV, Cherednikov EF. [Optimizing treatment of gastroduodenal bleeding in patients with high surgical risk]. System Analysis and Management in Biomedical Systems. 2014;13(4):841-846. [Article in Russian].
18. Cherednikov EF, Barannikov SV, Glukhov AA, Banin IN, Maleev YuV, Adianov VV. [The use of Aseptisorb-A and platelet-rich plasma in the complex endoscopic treatment of patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding]. Bulletin of Experimental and Clinical Surgery.2017;10(2):116-122. doi: 10.18499/2070-478X-2017-10-2-116-122 [Article in Russian].
19. Baev VE. Experimental substantiation of the use of hydrogels for the treatment of bleeding stomach ulcers. Abstract for PhD Thesis. Voronezh. 1997. [in Russian].
20. Il'kanich AYa, Darvin VV, Ryzhikov MG, Oganyan AV. [Diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding]. Yakutskij Medicinskij Zhurnal.2021;3(75):46-50. doi 10.25789/YMJ.2021.75.12. [Article in Russian].
21. Jung K, Moon W. Role of endoscopy in acute gastrointestinal bleeding in real clinical practice: An evidence-based review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;11(2):68-83. doi:10.4253/wjge.v11.i2.68
22. Wang TX, Zhang J, Cui LH, Tian JJ, Wei R. Efficacy of Therapeutic Endoscopy for Gastrointestinal Lesion (GI): A network meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):561-568. doi:10.12669/pjms.35.2.636
23. Barnert J, Messmann H. Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6(11):637-646. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.167
24. Asge Technology Committee, Conway JD, Adler DG, Diehl DL, Farraye FA, Kantsevoy SV, Kaul V, Kethu SR, Kwon RS, Mamula P, Rodriguez SA, Tierney WM. Endoscopic hemostatic devices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 May;69(6):987-96. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.12.251.
25. Biecker E. Diagnosis and therapy of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2015;6(4):172-182. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.172
26. Mille M, Engelhardt T, Stier A. Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer: Strategies in High-Risk Ulcers. Visc Med. 2021;37(1):52-62. doi:10.1159/000513689
27. Laine L, McQuaid KR. Endoscopic therapy for bleeding ulcers: an evidence-based approach based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(1):33-2. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.08.016
28. Technology Assessment Committee, Croffie J, Somogyi L, Chuttani R, DiSario J, Liu J, Mishkin D, Shah RJ, Tierney W, Wong Kee Song LM, Petersen BT. Sclerosing agents for use in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Jul;66(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.02.014.
29. ASGE Technology Committee, Bhat YM, Banerjee S, Barth BA, Chauhan SS, Gottlieb KT, Konda V, Maple JT, Murad FM, Pfau PR, Pleskow DK, Siddiqui UD, Tokar JL, Wang A, Rodriguez SA. Tissue adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue and fibrin sealant. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Aug;78(2):209-15. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.04.166.
30. Patent No. 2675996 C1 Russian Federation, MPK A61B 1/273, A61K 35/16, A61K 35/19. Method of endoscopic hemostasis in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding: No. 2017136682: application 17.10.2017: publ. 25.12.2018 / M.V. Podina, B. M. Belik, S. S. Keshchyan [et al.]. [In Russian].
31. Belik BM, Podina MV, Tenchurin RS, Skorlyakov BB, Usatkin AA, Baev OV, Keshchyan SS. [A differentiated approach to the use of endoscopic hemostasis methods in gastroduodenal ulcerative bleeding]. Bulletin of Surgical Gastroenterology. 2018;1:14. [Article in Russian].
32. Rey JW, Fischbach A, Teubner D, et al. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding - a new approach to clinical and endoscopic management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(5):483-491. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000000343
33.Potakhin SN. Risk factor analysis and method development for predicting the recurrence of gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2020;9(4):419. doi 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0419.
34. Potahin SN, Shapkin YuG. [Comparative analysis of methods for predicting recurrence of ulcerative gastroduodenal]. Novosti Hirurgii. 2020;28(2):141-149. doi 10.18484/2305-0047.2020.2.141. [Article in Russian].
35. Barhatova NA. [The role of endoscopic photocoagulation hemostasis in gastrointestinal bleeding]. Vestnik Soveta Molodyh Uchyonyh i Specialistov CHelyabinskoj Oblasti. 2016; 2(13):7-9. [Article in Russian].
36. Shapkin YG, Potahin SN. [The dynamics of main indicators for the treatment of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding - the analysis of several years studies]. Saratov Journal of Scientific Research. 2014;10(3):456-460. [Article in Russian].
37. Grishaev VA, Shapkin YuG, Kapralov SV, Maslyakov VV. [Optimization of laser endoscopic hemostasis in gastrointestinal bleeding]. Vestnik Medicinskogo Instituta "REAVIZ": Reabilitatsiia, Vrach i Zdorov'e. 2018;2(32):26-31. [Article in Russian].
38. Shepet'ko EN, Efremov VV. [Modern methods of endoscopic hemostasis and its effectiveness in the treatment of acute ulcerative duodenal bleeding]. Hirurgiya. Vostochnaya Evropa. 2013;4(08): 65-74. [Article in Russian].
39. Petrov DYu, Fedorov ED, Yudin OI. [Comparative evaluation of endoscopic argonoplasmic coagulation and bipolar diathermocoagulation in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding]. Vestnik Rossijskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta. 2009; 6:19-22. [Article in Russian].
40. Cherednikov EF, Deryaeva OG, Adianov VV, Ovchinnikov IF, Popov AV. [Modern directions of prevention and treatment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in the center]. System Analysis and Management in Biomedical Systems. 2014; 13(2):426-433. [Article in Russian].
41. Bondarenko AA. Liquid diathermocoagulation in endoscopic arrest of profuse ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding: experimental clinical study. Abstract for PhD Thesis. Voronezh. 2003: 22 pp. [In Russian].
42. Changela K, Papafragkakis H, Ofori E, Ona MA, Krishnaiah M, Duddempudi S, Anand S. Hemostatic powder spray: a new method for managing gastrointestinal bleeding. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2015 May;8(3):125-35. doi: 10.1177/1756283X15572587.
43. Nunoue T, Takenaka R, Hori K, Okazaki N, Hamada K, Baba Y, Yamasaki Y, Kono Y, Seki H, Inokuchi T, Takemoto K, Taira A, Tsugeno H, Fujiki S, Kawahara Y, Okada H. A Randomized Trial of Monopolar Soft-mode Coagulation Versus Heater Probe Thermocoagulation for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul;49(6):472-6. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000190.
44. Gonzales P, Klusewitz S, Marowske J, Gancayco J, Osswald MB, Setlik R. Everolimus Implicated in Case of Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2017;2017:3657812. doi:10.1155/2017/3657812
45. Kurosawa M, Takamatsu T, Kawano H, Hayashi Y, Miyahara H, Ota S, Okino A, Yoshida M. Endoscopic Hemostasis in Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract Using CO2 Low-Temperature Plasma Jet. J Surg Res. 2019 Feb;234:334-342. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.068.
46. Martins BC, Wodak S, Gusmon CC, Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Kawaguti FS, Baba ER, Pennacchi CM, Lima MS, Ribeiro U Jr, Maluf-Filho F. Argon plasma coagulation for the endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal tumor bleeding: A retrospective comparison with a non-treated historical cohort. United European Gastroenterol J. 2016 Feb;4(1):49-54. doi: 10.1177/2050640615590303.
47. Chiu YC, Lu LS, Wu KL, Tam W, Hu ML, Tai WC, Chiu KW, Chuah SK. Comparison of argon plasma coagulation in management of upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and gastric antral vascular ectasia hemorrhage. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012 Jun 9;12:67. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-12-67.
48. Schweizer U, Grund KE, Fundel J, Wichmann D, Königsrainer A. Therapie der nichtvarikösen oberen gastrointestinalen Blutung: endoluminal – endovaskulär – chirurgisch [Treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: endoluminal-endovascular-surgical]. Chirurg. 2019 Aug;90(8):607-613. doi: 10.1007/s00104-019-0948-7. [Article in German].
49. Ofosu A, Ramai D, Latson W, Adler DG. Endoscopic management of bleeding gastrointestinal tumors. Ann Gastroenterol. 2019;32(4):346-351. doi:10.20524/aog.2019.0391
50. Lebedev NV, Klimov AE, Barkhudarov AA. Gastroduodenal ulcerative bleeding. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery = Khirurgiya. Zurnal im. N.I. Pirogova. 2014;(8):23-27. [Article in Russian].
51. Ljubicic N, Budimir I, Biscanin A, Nikolic M, Supanc V, Hrabar D, Pavic T. Endoclips vs large or small-volume epinephrine in peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 14;18(18):2219-24. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i18.2219.
52. Ünal F, Çakır M, Baran M, Duygulu Ş, Aydoğdu S. Application of endoscopic hemoclips for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014;25(2):147-151. doi:10.5152/tjg.2014.3419
53. Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(3):345-361. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.480
54. Schmidt A, Gölder S, Goetz M, et al. Over-the-Scope Clips Are More Effective Than Standard Endoscopic Therapy for Patients With Recurrent Bleeding of Peptic Ulcers. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):674-686.e6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.037
55. Weiland T, Rohrer S, Schmidt A, et al. Efficacy of the OTSC System in the treatment of GI bleeding and wall defects: a PMCF meta-analysis. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2020;29(3):121-139. doi:10.1080/13645706.2019.1590418
56. Zhong C, Tan S, Ren Y, et al. Clinical outcomes of over-the-scope-clip system for the treatment of acute upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019;19(1):225. Published 2019 Dec 23. doi:10.1186/s12876-019-1144-4
57. Wedi E, Fischer A, Hochberger J, Jung C, Orkut S, Richter-Schrag HJ. Multicenter evaluation of first-line endoscopic treatment with the OTSC in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and comparison with the Rockall cohort: the FLETRock study. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(1):307-314. doi:10.1007/s00464-017-5678-7
58. Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Fibrin glue for local haemostasis in haemophilia surgery. Hosp Pract (1995). 2017;45(5):187-191. doi:10.1080/21548331.2017.1384689
59. Olefir IA. The possibilities of using thrombin during diagnostic and therapeutic fibrogastroduodenoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding. Spravochnik Vracha Obshchej Praktiki. 2021;(7):14-19. doi 10.33920/med-10-2107-02 [Article in Russian].
60. Chernousov AF, Horobryh TV, Urzhumceva GA, Urakova YaCh. [Endoscopic hemostasis using fibrin glue in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding in elderly and senile patients]. Annaly Hirurgii. 2006;(4):60-63. [Article in Russian].
61. Holster IL, van Beusekom HM, Kuipers EJ, Leebeek FW, de Maat MP, Tjwa ET. Effects of a hemostatic powder hemospray on coagulation and clot formation. Endoscopy. 2015;47(7):638-645. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1391353
62. Cherednikov EF, Kashurnikova MA, Romantsov MN, Barannikov SV, Bolkhovitinov A E, Gaponenkov DG, Lyubimov PYu. [Experimental study of new means of local hemostasis in the treatment of ulcerative bleeding]. Scientific and Medical Bulletin of the Central Chernozem Region. 2016;(65):27-33. [Article in Russian].
63. Bogopol'skij VE, Chernousov AF, Horobryh TV. Gastric and duodenal ulcer surgery. Moscow: “Prakticheskaya Meditsina”; 2016. [In Russian].
64. Barkun AN, Moosavi S, Martel M. Topical hemostatic agents: a systematic review with particular emphasis on endoscopic application in GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;77(5):692-700. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.01.020
65. Ibrahim M, El-Mikkawy A, Mostafa I, Devière J. Endoscopic treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage by using hemostatic powder TC-325: a prospective pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(5):769-773. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.07.037
66. Pittayanon R, Rerknimitr R, Barkun A. Prognostic factors affecting outcomes in patients with malignant GI bleeding treated with a novel endoscopically delivered hemostatic powder. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87(4):994-1002. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2017.11.013
67. Vitali F, Naegel A, Atreya R, Zopf S, Neufert C, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Rath T. Comparison of Hemospray® and Endoclot™ for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Apr 7;25(13):1592-1602. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i13.1592.
68. Yau AH, Ou G, Galorport C, Amar J, Bressler B, Donnellan F, Ko HH, Lam E, Enns RA. Safety and efficacy of Hemospray® in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;28(2):72-6. doi: 10.1155/2014/759436.
69. Mutneja H, Bhurwal A, Go A, Sidhu GS, Arora S, Attar BM. Efficacy of Hemospray in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2020;29(1):69-76. Published 2020 Mar 13. doi:10.15403/jgld-660
70. Cherednikov EF. Complex treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers using gel sorbents (clinical and experimental study). Abstract for ScD Thesis. Voronezh. 1998. [In Russian].
71. Cherednikov EF, Batkaev AR, Baev VE. [The Reparative regeneration of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum in the local treatment of hydrophilic granular sorbents]. System Analysis and Management in Biomedical Systems. 2005;4(2):224-225. [Article in Russian].
72. Cherednikov EF, Maleev YuV, Chernyh AV, Litovkina TE, Cherednikov EE, Shevtsov AN. [Modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of ruptured hemorrhagic syndrome (Mallory-Weiss syndrome)]. Journal of anatomy and Histopathology. 2016;5(1):86-98. [Article in Russian].
73. Cherednikov ЕF, Barannikov SV, Romantsov MN, Popov AV. New aspects of preventive endoscopic hemostasis in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding in the experimental condition. The EPMA Journal. 2017; 8(S1):45.
74. Barannikov SV, Cherednikov EF, Yuzefovich IS; Mehantjeva LE, Filev IF, Maleev YuV, Ovsyannikov ES, Maslova VA. A Study of the Influence of New Generation Granulated Sorbents on the Processes Regulating the Aggregate State of the Blood with the Use of Piezoelectric Thromboelastography. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(3):286-290. doi:10.21103/ Article11(3)_OA6
75. Popov AV, Cherednikov EF, Deryaeva OG, Ovchinnikov IF, Cherednikov EE, Popov AV. [Investigation of the combined use of diotevin and diovine in the local treatment of simulated peptic ulcers]. Vestnik Novyh Medicinskih Tekhnologij. 2013;20(2):315-317. [Article in Russian].
76. Cherednikov EF, Glukhov AA, Romantsov MN, Maleev YuV, Barannikov SV, Shkurina IA, Vysotskaya AT, Ovsyannikov ES. Hemostatic agents in combination with diovine for local treatment of simulated bleeding gastric ulcers. International Journal of Biomedicine.2020;10(2):138-141. doi: 10.21103/Article10(2)_OA10
77. Cherednikov EF, Yuzefovich IS, Maleev YuV, Barannikov SV, Litovkina TE, Polubkova GV, Ovsyannikov ES.The Use of the Hemostatic Agent Zhelplastan in Combination with a Granulated Sorbent in the Treatment of Patients with MalloryWeiss Syndrome. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(2):160-163. doi:10.21103/Article11(2)_OA7
78. Romantsov MN, Cherednikov E F, Danilenko VI, Stepanov DS, Fursov K O, Deryaeva AG. [Morphological Characteristics of Processes of Simulated Bleeding Gastric Defects Reparation in Treatment with Gelplastan and Diovin]. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2017;6(1):81-86. [Article in Russian].
79. Cherednikov ЕF, Barannikov SV, Maleev YuV, Fursov KO, Litovkina TE, Zakurdaev EI, Ovsyannikov ES. Experimental justification of using Aseptisorb-A and platelet-rich plasma in endoscopic treatment of mold bleeding stomach defects. International Journal of Biomedicine.2017;7(4):298-301. doi:10.21103/Article7(4)_OA5
80. Cherednikov EF, Barannikov SV, Zhdanov AI, Moshurov IP, Polubkova GV, Maleev YuV, Ovsyannikov ES, Myachina DS. Combimed use of biologically active hemostatic and granulated sorbent in endoscopic cytoprotective hemostasis in patients with bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2020;10(2):129-132. doi: 10.21103/Article10(2)_OA8
81. Cherednikov EF, Barannikov SV, Fursov KO, Polubkova GV, Danilenko VI, Stepanov DS. [Healing of bleeding experimental defects of the stomach with topical anilovin and platelet-rich plasma]. Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2017;2(62):130-133. doi: 10.19163/1994-9480-2017-2(62)-130-133 [Article in Russian]
82. Barkun AN, Almadi M, Kuipers EJ, Laine L, Sung J, Tse F, Leontiadis GI, Abraham NS, Calvet X, Chan FKL, Douketis J, Enns R, Gralnek IM, Jairath V, Jensen D, Lau J, Lip GYH, Loffroy R, Maluf-Filho F, Meltzer AC, Reddy N, Saltzman JR, Marshall JK, Bardou M. Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Guideline Recommendations From the International Consensus Group. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Dec 3;171(11):805-822. doi: 10.7326/M19-1795. Epub 2019 Oct 22.
83. Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, Lanas A, Sanders DS, Kurien M, Rotondano G, Hucl T, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Marmo R, Racz I, Arezzo A, Hoffmann RT, Lesur G, de Franchis R, Aabakken L, Veitch A, Radaelli F, Salgueiro P, Cardoso R, Maia L, Zullo A, Cipolletta L, Hassan C. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2015 Oct;47(10):a1-46. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1393172.
84. Vergara M, Bennett C, Calvet X, Gisbert JP. Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high-risk bleeding ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD005584. Published 2014 Oct 13. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005584.pub3
85. Barkun AN, Martel M, Toubouti Y, Rahme E, Bardou M. Endoscopic hemostasis in peptic ulcer bleeding for patients with high-risk lesions: a series of meta-analyses. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(4):786-799. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.031
86. Baracat F, Moura E, Bernardo W, et al. Endoscopic hemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(6):2155-2168. doi:10.1007/s00464-015-4542-x
87. Cherednikov EF, Barannikov SV, Yuzefovich IS, Polubkova GV, Maleev YuV, Volkova IV, Vysotskaya AT, Strygin OV, Ovsyannikov ES. Innovative Endoscopic Technologies in the Complex Treatment of Patients with Unstable Stopped Gastroduodenal Bleeding. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(1):24-28. doi:10.21103/Article11(1)_OA4
88. Beales I. Recent advances in the management of peptic ulcer bleeding. F1000Res. 2017;6:1763. Published 2017 Sep 27. doi:10.12688/f1000research.11286.1
89. Jensen DM, Eklund S, Persson T, Ahlbom H, Stuart R, Barkun AN, Kuipers EJ, Mössner J, Lau JY, Sung JJ, Kilhamn J, Lind T. Reassessment of Rebleeding Risk of Forrest IB (Oozing) Peptic Ulcer Bleeding in a Large International Randomized Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Mar;112(3):441-446. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.582.
90. Jensen DM, Kovacs TOG, Ohning GV, Ghassemi K, Machicado GA, Dulai GS, Sedarat A, Jutabha R, Gornbein J. Doppler Endoscopic Probe Monitoring of Blood Flow Improves Risk Stratification and Outcomes of Patients With Severe Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 2017 May;152(6):1310-1318.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.042.
91. Jensen DM, Ohning GV, Kovacs TO, Ghassemi KA, Jutabha R, Dulai GS, Machicado GA. Doppler endoscopic probe as a guide to risk stratification and definitive hemostasis of peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jan;83(1):129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.07.012.
92. Goto O, Koizumi E, Higuchi K, Noda H, Onda T, Omori J, Kaise M, Iwakiri K. Cutting-Edge Technologies for Gastrointestinal Therapeutic Endoscopy. J Nippon Med Sch. 2021;88(1):17-24. doi: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2021_88-109.
93. Kantsevoy SV, Bitner M, Mitrakov AA, Thuluvath PJ. Endoscopic suturing closure of large mucosal defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection is technically feasible, fast, and eliminates the need for hospitalization (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(3):503-507. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.10.051
Download Article
Received January 27, 2022.
Accepted February 8, 2022.
©2022 International Medical Research and Development Corporation.
