Features of Chronic Bronchitis in Different Age Groups

CLINICAL RESEARCH
G.L. Ignatova, PhD, ScD; I.A. Zakharova, PhD; A.S. Sarsenbayeva, PhD, ScD; O.V. Rodionova, PhD; I.V. Grebneva, PhD ; I.V. Drozdov, PhD; E.V. Blinova, PhD; O.L. Minakina, PhD; V.N. Antonov PhD; M.S. Belsner, PG; I.A.Pustovalova, PG

South Ural State Medical University; Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

*Corresponding author:  Inna Zakharova, PhD. South Ural State Medical University. Chelyabinsk, 454021, Russian Federation.  E-mail: zaharowa.inna2012@yandex.ru

Published: March 25, 2014.

Abstract: 

Background: Lung diseases are assuming greater relevance and importance today. Chronic bronchitis is a self-nosology, which may precede the development of COPD, the importance of which can hardly be overestimated. The main problem in this disease is caused by late diagnosis and treatment due to the delay by patients in seeking medical help. The aim of the work was to study the distribution and exposure to tobacco smoke, especially chronic bronchitis, depending on various factors, including age.

Methods: We examined 1779 persons, including 855 men and 924 women. The mean age of the population was 35.83±8.3 years. We conducted surveys and spirometry. The outcome was assessed after a bronchodilation test was performed with salbutamol 400 mcg. We performed all statistical analysis using software package Statistica 10.

Results: We identified chronic bronchitis in 9.2% of the cases in the group of younger individuals and in 14.9% of the cases in the group of older individuals, during the active detection of chronic bronchitis using questionnaires. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was slightly higher among the younger (39.5%) than the older persons (33.6%); the frequency of smoking in a group of chronic bronchitis was reliably higher. Also, in this group, the performance spirometry reliably decreased.

Conclusions: Outpatient survey is an effective method of identifying chronic bronchitis. Smoking is a major risk factor in the group of young respondents and the prevalence of smoking is inversely related to the education level of the respondents, regardless of age. As the decline in the Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) is the main criterion diagnosis of COPD, it revealed significant declines in the FEV1 of the younger smoking individuals, which may help to predict the development of COPD in the older age group.

Keywords: 
Smoking; chronic bronchitis; education; spirometry
References: 
  1. Lopez AD, Murray CC.  The global burden of disease, 1990–2020. Nat Med 1998; 4(11): 1241-3.
  2. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187(4):347-65.
  3. Guerra S, Sherrill DL, Venker C, Ceccato CM, Halonen M, Martinez FD.  Chronic bronchitis before age 50 years predicts incident airflow limitation and mortality risk. Thorax 2009; 64(10):894-900.
  4. Gerasimenko NF, Zaridze DG, Sakharov GV.  Health or Tobacco: Facts and Figures. Moscow; 2007.
  5. Ermakova MK, Ermakov GI, Kapustina NR, Matveeva LP, Botnikova EA, Guznischeva LA. The prevalence of tobacco smoking among adolescents and adults in the Udmurt Republic. Pulmonology 2010; 2:46-48.
  6. Barbarash NA, Barbarash OL. Some aspects of the relationship between education and health. Medicine in Kuzbass 2007; 1:12-17.
  7. Oganov RG. Healthy lifestyle and health of population. Herald of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences 2001; 8:4-17.
  8. Batozhargalova BTs, Mizernitskiy YuL. The impact of exposure to tobacco smoke on respiratory health of adolescents. Bulletin of NGU. Series: Biology. Clinical medicine 2012; 10 (3):112-121.
  9. Morbidity in Russia in 2007. Statistical materials of the Health Ministry of Russia; 2008.

The fully formatted PDF version is available.

Download Article

Int J Biomed. 2014; 4(1):15-18. © 2014 International Medical Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.