Creativity as a Determinant of the Development of Homo Sapiens

POINT OF VIEW
Alexander G. Kruglov, PhD, ScD*

Central Research Institute of Radiation Diagnosis; Moscow, the  Russian Federation

*Corresponding author:  Alexander G. Kruglov, PhD, ScD. Central Research Institute of Radiation Diagnosis; Moscow, the Russian Federation. E-mail: krag48@mail.ru

Published: December 16, 2016.  DOI: 10.21103/Article6(4)_PV1

Abstract: 

This work was undertaken to determine the genesis and role of creativity (Cr) in the formation of mental qualities that gave Homo sapiens (HS) the evolutionary advantages in intra- and interspecific competition during the period of the intraspecific bifurcation of hominids on the border of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Creativity allowed HS to design the adaptive forms of purposeful behavior corresponding to the conditions and the degree of uncertainty, and create stable mental constructs, in the absence of perceptual sources, that do not require reactive behavior. Visualization of a target image, which originally had an applied and instructional value in the process of semantic filling, was transformed into a symbol, which, getting the qualities of the perceptual source, loses its connection to the primary value and initiates the creation of qualitatively new needs for hominids: bilateral (direct and inverse) relations in the system "subject-symbol." The ability to produce the prognostic hypothesis with expansion of the operating range of the HS mind allowed the ability to search and change the tactics of an adaptive behavior, which gave the results: improvements in quality of life and an increase in life expectancy (genetically fixed); domination in intra- and interspecific competition; the emergence of new operating systems of the psyche, including the emergence and development of symbolic thought. As a criterion of creativity, with the potential ability for quantitative measurement, we propose the value of deviation of creative oscillations ("proposal" of a creative individual) from the boundaries between stereotypes: for the cognition sphere, a deviation from the border between recognizable and unrecognizable; for the social sphere, between acceptable and unacceptable. 

Keywords: 
creativity, genetic mutation, shizotimiya, interspecific competition
References: 
  1. Kruglov AG, Vasilyev A, Sherman V. Human dynamic homeostasis control matrix in the norm with psychophysiological aspects. NY: IMRDC; 2016:56 pp.
  2. Klein RG. The human career. Human biological and cultural origins. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1989:524 pp.
  3. Ingram WM, Goodrich LM, Robey EA, Eisen MB. Mice infected with low-virulence strains of Toxoplasma gondii lose their innate aversion to cat urine, even after extensive parasite clearance. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75246.
  4. Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Toxoplasma gondii and schisophrenia . Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(11):1375-80.
  5. Markovitz AA, Simanek AM, Yolken RH, Galea S, Koenen KC, Chen S, Aiello AE. Toxoplasma gondii and anxiety disorders in a community-based sample. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;43:192-7.
  6. Buzhilova AP. Homo sapiens - the history of the disease. Moscow: the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology; 2005: 320 pp. [in Russian].
  7. Kravchenko AO.   Abstracts on uncertainty. UNIVERSITATES. (Nauka I Prosveshchenie), 2014;4:14 -19.
  8. Devlet E. Altamira: at the origins of art. M. 2004, 142 pp.
  9. Losev AF. Essays on ancient symbolism and mythology. M.: Misl; 1993:962 pp. [in Russian].
  10. Guilford JP. Way Beyond the IQ. Buffalo (NY): Creative Education Foundation;1977:192 pp.
  11. Philosophy: Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ed. AA Ivin.  M .: Gardariki; 2004: 1072 pp. [in Russian].
  12. Ovodov ND, Crockford SJ, Kuzmin YV, Higham TF, Hodgins GW, van der Plicht J. A 33,000-year-old incipient dog from the Altai Mountains of Siberia: evidence of the earliest domestication disrupted by the Last Glacial Maximum. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22821.
  13. Poznik GD, Henn BM, Yee MC, Sliwerska E, Euskirchen GM, Lin AA, et al. Sequencing Y chromosomes resolves discrepancy in time to common ancestor of males versus females. Science. 2013;341(6145):562-5.
  14. Burbano HA, Hodges E, Green RE, Briggs AW, Krause J, Meyer M, et al. Targeted investigation of the Neandertal genome by array-based sequence capture. Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):723-5.
  15. Srinivasan S, Bettella F, Mattingsdal M, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Schork AJ, et al. Genetic Markers of Human Evolution Are Enriched in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2016; 80(4):284-92.
  16. Vernot B, Akey JM Resurrecting surviving Neanderthal lineages from modern human genomes. Science. 2014; 343(6174):1017-21.
  17. Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, et al.  A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science. 2010;328(5979):710-22.
  18. Power RA, Steinberg S, Bjornsdottir G, Rietveld CA, Abdellaoui A, Nivard MM, et al. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predict creativity. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18(7):953-5.
  19. Zeigarnik BV. Pathopsychology. M.MGU; 1986:287 pp.[in Russian].
  20. Fink A, Grabner RH, Benedek M, Reishofer G, Hauswirth V, Fally M, et al.The creative brain: investigation of brain activity during creative problem solving by means of EEG and FMRI. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009;30(3):734-48.
  21. Arnedo J, Svrakic DM, Del Val C, Romero-Zaliz R, Hernández-Cuervo H; Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Consortium, Fanous AH, Pato MT, Pato CN, et al. Uncovering the hidden risk architecture of the schizophrenias: confirmation in three independent genome-wide association studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(2):139-53. 

The fully formatted PDF version is available.
Download Article
Int J Biomed. 2016;6(4):298-302. © 2016 International Medical Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.