Helping Healthcare Providers to Differentiate COVID-19 Pneumonia by Analyzing Digital Chest X-Rays: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Practice

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Abu Naser Zafar Ullah, Md. Habibur Rahman, Shaikh Muhammad Allayear, Mohammed Liakwat Ali Khan, Sheikh Md. Faysal, ABM Alauddin Chowdhury, Md. Nasir Uddin, Hafiz T. A. Khan

 
International Journal of Biomedicine. 2022;12(3):459-465.
DOI: 10.21103/Article12(3)_OA21
Originally published September 5, 2022

Abstract: 

Background: Detecting COVID-19 pneumonia and differentiating it from community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been a challenging task for healthcare providers since the pandemic began. We therefore aim to develop and evaluate a simple, non-invasive tool to accurately detect COVID-19 by using digital chest X-ray (CXR).
Methods and Results: We performed a retrospective, multi-center study in which deep learning frameworks were used to develop the system architecture of the diagnostic tool. The tool was trained and validated by using data from the GitHub database and two hospitals in Bangladesh. Python programming was used to calculate all statistical estimates. Our study revealed that the artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tool was able to detect COVID-19 accurately by examining chest X-ray (CXR). During the testing phase, the tool could interpret CXR with precision of 0.98, recall/sensitivity of 0.97 and F1 score of 0.97 for COVID-19. The evaluation results showed high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (92%) in detecting COVID-19. The AUC values for COVID-19 and pneumonia were 0.91 and 0.87, respectively.
Conclusion: The developed AI-based diagnostic tool can offer the healthcare providers an effective means of detecting and differentiating COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia, thus contributing to reducing the long-term impact of this deadly disease
Key Points:

  • The major strength of this study is that it has led to the development of a technology-based tool that can precisely detect COVID-19 at an early stage and immediately isolate infected patients from the healthy population.
  • This next generation test can be accessed by healthcare providers remotely and therefore provide an added convenience.
  • The main limitation is with this tool COVID-19 pneumonia may be confused with other types of pneumonia if the quality of the chest image is too low. Moreover, it focuses only on detecting whether or not the disease is COVID-19, but not its severity.
Keywords: 
COVID – 19 • chest X-Ray • artificial intelligence • Bangladesh
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Received May 10, 2022.
Accepted July 20, 2022.
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