Comparative Study about the Effectiveness of Certain Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection among Iraqi Population

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Karam Al-Akkam, Osama Q. Fadhil, Sana Abdul-Jabbar Ali, Maha H. Abdulkadhem, Hamzah H. Kzar

 
For citation: Al-Akkam K, Fadhil OQ, Ali SAJ, Abdulkadhem MH, Kzar HH. Comparative Study about the Effectiveness of Certain Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection among Iraqi Population. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2024;14(3):423-427. doi:10.21103/Article14(3)_OA5
 
Originally published September 6, 2024

Abstract: 

Background: With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients have a risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Viral gene sequencing has found that some of these patients were reinfected by a different and others by the same strains. This has raised concerns about the effectiveness of immunity after infection and the reliability of vaccination. We conducted a survey study to assess the characteristics of patients with reinfection and possible causes.
Methods and Results: An online survey study was conducted in October 2021 on Facebook social media. This study included 2413 respondents: 1315 subjects received the BNT162b2 mRNA-based Vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech), 811 received the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) adenoviral vector vaccine (Oxford–AstraZeneca), and 287 received the Sinopharm inactivated COVID-10 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV). The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine appeared to be the most effective (84%) in preventing reinfection compared to the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (79%) and the Sinopharm vaccine (70%) (P<0.0001). The reinfection after the first dose appeared to be proximate between the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine: 10% and 11%, respectively, while the reinfection after the first dose of the Sinopharm vaccine was highest (18%) (P=0.0005). The reinfection after full dose vaccination appeared to be very low in the Pfizer vaccine (6%) but higher in the Astra Zeneca vaccine (10%), which was proximate to the reinfection after the Sinopharm vaccine (12%) (P=0.000). In addition, subjects with comorbidities had three times the risk of reinfection than those without.
Conclusion: Vaccinated patients can be reinfected by SARS-CoV-2, with reinfection rates depending on the vaccine type and comorbidities.

Keywords: 
COVID-19 • pandemic • reinfection • vaccine
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Received May 10, 2024.
Accepted June 19, 2024.
©2024 International Medical Research and Development Corporation.