Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis Among Blood Donors in Omdurman, Sudan (2019–2022): A Retrospective Study

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Eithar Zain Elaabdeen Mohammed Ahmed, Elharam Ibrahim Abdallah, Abdel Rahim Mahmoud Muddathir, Wala Eldin Osman Elradi, Fawzia Awad Elhassan Ali, Habab Merghani Yassin, et al.

 
For citation: Ahmed EZEM, Abdallah EI, Muddathir ARM, Elradi WEO, Ali FAE, Yassin HM, Hamad NA, Omer AE, Eltayeb LB. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis Among Blood Donors in Omdurman, Sudan (2019–2022): A Retrospective Study. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2026;16(1):95-100. doi:10.21103/Article16(1)_OA13
 
Originally published March 5, 2026

Abstract: 

Background: Transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) poses significant risks to blood transfusion safety and represents a major public health challenge in Sudan. However, current data on TTI prevalence among blood donors is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TTIs among male blood donors at the Blood Bank of Nao Teaching Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan, from January 2019 to December 2022.
Methods and Results: A retrospective 4-year descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using blood donation records to examine the prevalence of TTI, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis. Data were analyzed for trends over the four-year period. The study identified a total TTI prevalence of 8.8% (302 of 3401 donors). Among TTI, HBV had the highest prevalence at 4.29%, followed by syphilis at 3.91%. HIV prevalence was 0.56%, and HCV prevalence was 0.12%. No cases of co-infection were reported. The overall TTI prevalence declined from 10.2% in 2019 to 6.9% in 2022.
Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing monitoring and improved screening measures to enhance blood safety in Sudan. The high prevalence of HBV and syphilis underscores the need for targeted public health campaigns to raise awareness and promote safe blood donation practices.

Keywords: 
HBV• HCV • HIV • syphilis
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Received December 1, 2025.
Accepted January 20, 2026.
©2026 International Medical Research and Development Corporation.