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Using data from more than 21,800 adults in two UK birth cohorts, researchers found that lifetime psilocybin and LSD use was associated with stronger pro-environmental attitudes and a greater likelihood of following a vegetarian diet, with psilocybin showing the clearer dietary pattern. Mediation analyses suggested that environmental attitudes statistically accounted for the psilocybin-vegetarianism association and part of the association with lower red meat consumption, but the observational design cannot establish causation.

People who live in areas with higher levels of air pollution are more likely to develop glaucoma and cataract, according to a large study presented today (Monday) at the 44th Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS).

Researchers found that a standardized 30-second voice recording could predict chronological age with mean absolute errors of 3.95 years in females and 4.41 years in males. The resulting Voice Age measure also captured physiological information partly distinct from molecular, imaging, sleep, and lifestyle-based aging clocks, supporting its potential as a functional aging biomarker.

In a Denver cohort of 114 healthy infants, higher ultra-processed food intake during complementary feeding was associated with greater added sugar and sodium intake at 9 and 12 months. UPF intake showed no consistent relationship with growth through 12 months, while dietary diversity was not reduced among infants consuming more UPFs.

Results from the international phase III SWOG S1827 MAVERICK trial show that brain MRI surveillance alone improved cognitive failure-free survival compared with MRI surveillance plus prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Laser blended vision is a treatment for presbyopia, the natural deterioration of our ability to see things close up, that develops in people aged 40 and over.

A total of 363,039 cataract surgeries performed in 12 European countries in 2024 have been recorded in the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO), according to the latest figures presented at the 44th Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) today (Tuesday).

People with atrial fibrillation have signs of the condition in the retinas of their eyes that can be detected as early as four years before diagnosis, finds a new study led by University College London (UCL) and Moorfields researchers.

In a US multicenter electronic health record study, researchers compared tirzepatide with semaglutide in adults with asthma and type 2 diabetes, matching 8,176 patients in each treatment group. Asthma exacerbation risk was similar between treatments, while tirzepatide was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a short-acting beta-agonist prescription.

A pooled analysis of individual data from five time-restricted eating trials involving 124 adults linked shorter eating windows with modestly greater weight loss. Eight-hour TRE was associated with greater weight loss than 12-hour TRE and controls, while cardiometabolic outcomes showed no consistent relationship with eating-window duration and several weight associations weakened after adjustment.

A national analysis of 6,166 US hospitals found that specific workflow AI capabilities were associated with higher sepsis bundle completion rates and lower 30-day pneumonia mortality, whereas robotics showed narrower procedural associations. Geographic access remained highly uneven, with about 114.6 million people in the access-analysis population living more than 30 minutes from an AI-enabled hospital, although the observational design prevents causal conclusions.

In pooled prospective data from 977,282 UK adults, preferring tea or coffee “very hot” was associated with more than threefold higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with preferring drinks “warm,” while drink temperature showed no material association with adenocarcinoma risk. Consuming six or more hot drinks daily was independently associated with higher squamous cell carcinoma risk, and modeling estimated that about 440 UK cases each year could be prevented by switching from “very hot” to “hot” drinks if the association is causal.

In a cross-sectional analysis of more than 4.2 million summer outpatient encounters across US community health centers, same-day extreme heat was associated with small reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with somewhat larger differences among adults aged 65 years or older. The changes were unlikely to be clinically meaningful for most individuals, suggesting that acute blood pressure shifts may account for little of the cardiovascular risk associated with extreme heat.

Across one cafeteria field experiment and three scenario-based studies, low-arousal background music was associated with a higher proportion of healthy food selections or stronger intentions to consume healthy foods than high-arousal music. In the scenario studies, perceived comprehension helped explain the relationship, while the final experiment found that both music conditions produced stronger healthy-food intentions than restaurant noise alone, with low-arousal music showing the greater benefit.

Researchers analyzed phenotypic and linked health-record data from more than 1.9 million adults in Our Future Health, comparing demographic characteristics, disease patterns, clinical associations, and rare-condition case counts with national data and other major cohorts. The cohort's size provides unusually large samples for many common and less common conditions, although its demographic composition and current data sources require careful consideration when interpreting population-level estimates.

A pooled analysis of 8,582 adults from seven prospective cohorts found that higher plasma p-tau217 concentrations were associated with greater cognitive impairment risk and earlier progression, with stronger associations among APOE-ε4 carriers. Each 1-SD increase in p-tau217 was associated with a 24% shorter time to cognitive impairment among carriers compared with 13% among non-carriers, suggesting that genetic background can refine the prognostic meaning of this Alzheimer’s disease blood biomarker.

In a cross-sectional study of 808 Brazilian adults planning to attend ayahuasca ceremonies, greater prior experience with the brew was associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress scores, as well as higher spiritual well-being and stronger metaphysical beliefs. Because the study was observational and relied on self-reported data, it cannot show that ayahuasca caused these differences.

A laboratory study tested how ultra-processed, unprocessed, and mixed diets affected survival in 127 lobster cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea. Cockroaches fed only ultra-processed foods had higher mortality than those given unprocessed or mixed diets, although the study could not determine whether processing, ingredients, nutrition, or differences in food intake caused the effect.

A US cohort study of 5,520 children found no overall association between prenatal exposure to fluoride in public drinking water and internalizing or externalizing behavioral problems across the primary analyses. Exploratory analyses identified some associations with externalizing problems at higher fluoride concentrations and in certain subgroups, but the researchers said these findings require further investigation.

Subcutaneous administration of tarlatamab was well tolerated and demonstrated preliminary antitumor activity in patients with previously treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), according to findings from the phase 1b DeLLphi-308 study presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2026 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC).